The name of people - nilots - is not casual: the life is connected by their closest image with the river Nile and its inflows. To nilots people living here dinka, nuer, bari belong. Nilots differ the high growth, the extended form of a head, long hands and legs. Color of a leather at them very dark, almost black.
The basic employment nilots - animal industries. During a rainy season all population together with the cattle gathers in the village located on a height not filled in by water. The cattle is located in a shelter - «zeribu». Feed it basically with waste of products of agriculture. With recession of water the cattle is driven away on the pastures adjoining the rivers usually located in several kilometers from village. Together with cattle the population which lodges in time dwellings sends also. In villages remains a few people who are looking after crops. One of kinds sorghum (durra) is grown up mainly. For a year it is possible to collect two-rub crops.
Plant nilots large horned livestock - zebu, it idolize. Kill zebu in very rare cases.
The greater role in a life nilots is played also with fishery. Rather widespread fish in the rivers nilotic pool is nilotic perch reaching greater sizes. There was a case when have caught in lake Noe the perch in weight of 126 kg. Tiger the fish in the sizes is less nilotic than the perch and very much bony. Good flavouring qualities the African carp differs.
Fish here catch various networks, and also jails, hooks, baskets. It is greater help in a feed nilots.
In heads rivers the Bahr-el-Gazali the place of the Mesh-ra-er-Rec is located, it was visited by researchers of Southern Sudan, among them were V. Junker.
The Mesh-ra-er-Rec - a terminal point of a steamship line which connects it to Khartum. River vessels on this line go all year.

But during this moment the sun has been closed by a cloud which became more and more, yet has not accepted an image of the saddled camel. It has caused confusion as should mean among women, that tuaregs are won and have lost the camels. This very day soldiers have come back without the extraction, broken and weakened. Then women with tore from persons of a coverlet who carried till now, and with contempt have told: « you won, shame of our eyes! Now you should close the person ».
Approximately in 18 years on a small family holiday the young man receives a coverlet – litam, which color can be dark blue or white. Since this moment it becomes the man. It is More never in a life in the afternoon at night it does not remove a coverlet. If there is a necessity to replace it or to fasten anew the man will leave in a dark corner of a tent where nobody will see its naked person.
At tuaregs the ancient Libyan parent right till now was kept. The woman borrows high position. The close relative and the defender of children is not the native father, and the brother of mother.
It is possible to tell without exaggeration, that women at tuaregs are native of cultures. They keep legends, among them it is a lot of poetesses, almost all women are competent. The authority of the woman is so great, that its one contemptuous word can cause excitement in all tribe.
The unforgettable show represents a rising camp tuaregs, in a way camels with high bales on humps, and men are equipped, women and children sit down on the racers. Whole people removes.

The ships on which transported slaves, - large enough, displacement up to hundred and more tons, from a high straight line stern, quite often decorated by woodcarving, with low, it is strong bent a nose. More often at them happens two masts with long rhea and triangular sails. With a fair wind they are born quickly on waves, but against a wind creep as a turtle. Now they transport cargoes: dates, carpets, products from bronze, caskets and other goods from the countries of Southwest Asia.
It is difficult to imagine, what improbable tortures were tested by captives who transported by such ship. In its holds sat having writhed up to three hundred men, women and children. Unfortunate people placed and on a deck, during thousand miles they were whipped ruthlessly with a rain and a wind. Fed awfully, usually gave rotten spark meat, and besides so it is not enough, that many captives starved to death. Reigned an improbable fetidity. Quite often by the end of flight half of slaves survived only.
Happened and so, that, being rescued from prosecution, the captain ordered to throw out all alive cargo for a board as the ship cost more expensively. In one of messages of that time it was spoken about prosecution in 1860 slave vessels by the English military ship. When slave-trader have seen, that cannot increase more speed of a vessel, they cut a throat with all to 240 captives, and corpses have thrown out in the sea.
The price for slaves was low, slaves were appreciated more cheaply animals. Zanzibar remained the largest slave port at all east coast of Africa. In 1859 in the market where now there is a temple of the Christ, it has been sold not less than 19 thousand slaves.
Now the sea which saw so much bloody tragedies, sapphire - blue and serenly quiet, and the captain, saying goodbye to us, affably smiles and speaks «Salyam»…

Once at night we have decided to go down to coast of ocean. Coast gradually filled Indians - young and old, but only men. One behind another they slowly entered into water, everyone moistened to itself(himself) a forehead and threw far away in the sea the gift, more often a coconut - the whole or half. Then they sat down in a circle on a grass, spilled on cups milk, obviously coconut, and put in it sugar, drank this drink, and the rests poured out in the sea. This ceremony they make each full moon and devote to its fertility.
The central street refers to « the Main street ». On it many buildings connected with many historical events, one of them - with David Livingston’s name are located. In this house Africans-porters have brought its body from Bangveolo after whole nine months made the way over jungle and bogs.
In area of the main street was old slave the market. There conducts narrow side-street, named by the Lane of suicides, - in memory of the numerous tragedies connected with slave-trade. On a place slave the market the temple of the Christ surrounded from different directions by trees now towers. Its base has been incorporated in a year of death of Livingstone. Inside the temple is unusually beautiful. The documents narrating about struggle with slave-trade are stored in a temple. Above faculty the crucifixion made of branches of the same tree, under which on coast of lake Bangveolo buried heart of Livingstone hangs. On the memorial board beaten to one walls, an inscription: « In glory and in memory of Livingstone and other researchers of Africa, kind and courageous people which released slaves and tried to approach an establishment of validity, not sparing own life ».

The first sight thrown on the city of Zanzibar, has not deceived ours expectation. White palaces on a background of harmonious palm trees as if cost on the surface of water were extended in a number.
Zanzibar amazes with the cleanliness, and this impression even more amplifies after you will pass on a freakish labyrinth of its streets. The ships stop far on spot-check, therefore local coast do not become soiled.
As well as other east cities, Zanzibar was under construction chaotically enough. Narrow streets whimsically coil between houses, constantly change the width and form zigzags. Streets, except for several, the greatest, have no the name. Almost in each house there is even a tiny shop in which many buyers are usual.
Between twelve and three o’clock p.m. the city as if dies out. In the heat you will not find the shaded corner in city. In niches and on terraces, on ladders and in cool galleries, in a shadow of trees and bushes - people everywhere have a rest. In the machine, having put out legs outside, the driver has settled down.
In the evening, on holidays and in everyday lives city dwellers, and especially youth, gather in park. Here there are representatives of the various nationalities dressed in the diversified national suits: young graceful Indian woman in beautiful sari and harmonious, long-legged Indian young men in elegant white shirts and shorts, bearded Arabs in long caftans, Swahili in white caps and the Muslim women who have been wrapped up in coverlets. The roar of drums merges in a deafening rumble. In transparent air the easy smoke from thousand frying pans and braziers curls, the most captivating aromas, and above, in bottomless height extend, the dark blue firmament on which background silhouettes of palm trees blacken was stretched.
The bright impression is made with ceremonies and customs of inhabitants

The soldier is armed by an iron spear, a sword with the crosswise handle (tacuba), a dagger which becomes stronger on a forearm, and the greater, decorated ornament a leather board.
Tuareg the woman-aristocrat braids hair in numerous long braids with which usually covers with edge of the clothes. It carries a long white shirt which almost completely closes big, shrouding a body a scarf of indigo color. Decorates itself with silver ornaments: bracelets, rings on fingers of hands, rings for hair and greater triangular plates which often cover all breast. On the occasion of holidays of the woman, as well as many men, paint eyebrows and eyelids with antimony.
Tuaregs has made known covered, which is carried by men. About sense of this custom ethnographers state various opinions. More authentic is the statement according to which covered serves for protection of bodies of breath from dry air and a wind. Why women go without a coverlet though are subject to influence of the same atmospheric conditions? When have asked at Tuaregs why they close the person, they have answered: « the Coverlet for the person - the same part of our clothes. It is obscene to leave a mouth and a nose opened ».
Explain this custom, proceeding from a legend.
It is a lot of years back Tuaregs have undertaken a military campaign against people vargla. When time of returning of men from a campaign has come, women have prepared for a meeting: have put on the best dresses and ornaments.

One of them approves, that tuaregs - descendants of knights-crusaders who ran in desert from the plague which have burst in their camps. It is known, that tuaregs have been superseded by arabs in places of their modern dwelling. Disappearing in impassable mountains, tuaregs showed resistance to arabs. From adherents of an Islam they have received at that time the name «tuareg», that means «outcast the god». They name themselves «Imohag», that means “free”, “independent”.
Rare historical data about tuaregs testify that they steadfastly protected freedom from all newcomers.
tuaregs - cattlemen. The most known breed in the world of riding camels - «Mehary» is grown up tuaregs.
At tuaregs distinguish aristocrats, vassals and slaves. Aristocrats are high and harmonious, at them a white leather. The clothes of the soldier-aristocrat consist of wide cotton trousers, a wide shirt without sleeves. Atop it carries a wide top cape of indigo color - «ganduru». On a breast cross two wide tapes weaved from multi-coloured silk laces which at thigh come to an end with brushes. The coverlet is a white or dark blue piece of a cotton fabric by which the person is closed, opened there are only eyes. Long hair braided in one or the several plait. Legs - in sandals from cow or goat the leather, the green ornament green and red colors. Indigo - favourite color tuaregs. The noble soldier carries a stone bracelet, sometimes - a simple silver ring on a finger and one of skillfully shaped keys which at tuaregs serve not only for opening locks, on and as ornaments.

Modern accommodation of people of Sahara, their ethnic structure and cultural level are in direct communication with that history which they have passed.
Environment of desert allow the person to exist only in oases or in areas of dry valleys where the poor vegetation gives a forage to the limited number of pets. Therefore cattle breeding tribes live in Sahara. Camels, goats, sheeps, donkeys, and in southern areas as well large horned livestock make a basis of their existence. Trade has the certain economic value shall merge also dates.
In Sahara live the various ethnic groups of people differing from each other to racial, cultural and language attributes: Berbers, speaking Berber languages; Arabs and become by Arabs Berbers, speaking mainly Arabic; Ethiopians which Chadian-Hamitic language concerns to Sudanese languages; Negroids which in the language attitude assimilated with the former conquerors. Jews speak in Hebrew language, live in cities of oases, is frequent in separate quarters.
One of the most typical people of Sahara are tuaregs, wandering on uplands of the central Sahara and southern steppe areas. Seldom about any people legends and history, as about tuaregs - «hidden under a coverlet» men of Sahara are combined so much.
Once tuaregs owned large areas of Sahara, and their predatory attacks directed horror at neighbours. The greatest part tuaregs lives in saline steppes to the south of Sahara, their smaller number is the “real” inhabitants of deserts living to Ahaggar mountains and plateau Tassilin-Adzher.
There are numerous theories about an origin tuaregs.

Storms in Sahara frequently possess extraordinary force. Speed of a wind reaches, in opinion of some researchers, 50 m a second and more. The case when during a storm the camel saddles has rejected on two hundred meters is known, Happens, that about an egg the wind moves stones in size, not lifting them from the ground.
Knowledge of a mode of winds very important for travel across Sahara. Once in February in erg Shegi the storm within nine days held one traveler under a rock. Experts on Sahara have calculated, that in desert on the average from hundred days only six happen windless. Unfortunately, still it is poorly known about occurrence and laws of movement of winds in desert.
Hot winds in the north of Sahara are destructive. They come from the center of desert and in some hours can destroy a crop. These winds blow in the beginning of summer more often and refer to «сирокко», in their Morocco name « Shegi », in the Algerian Sahara - «Shehilly», in Libya - «Gebly», in Egypt - “samoom” or «Hamsin». They not only move sand and a dust, but also heap up mountains of a fine pebble.
Sometimes for short time there are tornados. These are the rotating air streams which are taking the form of pipes. They arise in the afternoon due to heating the burnt ground and become visible owing to a lifted dust. Fortunately, these «sandy devils», dancing as if phantoms in a fog, only occasionally damage. Sometimes sandy pipes come off the ground, continuing the life in high layers of an atmosphere. Pilots met dust tornados at height of 1500 m.

In such places absolutely unexpectedly can pass downpours that leads to strong flooding at which within several minutes greater areas become covered by thickness of water in height in human growth. Speak, that in Sahara has sunk more people, than was lost from thirst.
It is possible to consider Sahara one of the hottest areas of the Earth. Near to Tripoli, for example, the temperature of air in July reaches 58 degrees. On a dark surface of stones and rocks the temperature can come nearer to 100 degrees.
Owing to strong heating a layer of air from ground there is a differentiation of air layers. In such places rays of light refract, and it leads to occurrence of Mirages. In midday heat on horizon there is “a waving lake”, “oasis” or “mountains”. Actually they there are not present. Mirages arise and before sunrise when air is sated by a dust.
The sun adjusts all life of Sahara. In the afternoon hot in desert, and at night coldly. Daily fluctuations of temperature of air reach more than thirty degrees. But the person transfers day time heat easier, than a night cold. As it is strange, but in Sahara people within a year suffer from a cold, than from heat more.
Most hard long storms operate па the person. Dusty and sandy storms represent a majestic show. They are similar to the fires quickly covering all around. Clubs of a smoke rise highly in the sky. they are born by stupendous strength through plains and mountains, beating out on the way a stone dust from the destroyed rocks.
After hot days with storms air in Sahara it is strong electrifies. If at this time in darkness to remove one blanket from another the space between them is shined with sparks crackling sometimes. Not only from hair, clothes, but even from sharp iron subjects it is possible to take electric sparks.