The name of people - nilots - is not casual: the life is connected by their closest image with the river Nile and its inflows. To nilots people living here dinka, nuer, bari belong. Nilots differ the high growth, the extended form of a head, long hands and legs. Color of a leather at them very dark, almost black.
The basic employment nilots - animal industries. During a rainy season all population together with the cattle gathers in the village located on a height not filled in by water. The cattle is located in a shelter - «zeribu». Feed it basically with waste of products of agriculture. With recession of water the cattle is driven away on the pastures adjoining the rivers usually located in several kilometers from village. Together with cattle the population which lodges in time dwellings sends also. In villages remains a few people who are looking after crops. One of kinds sorghum (durra) is grown up mainly. For a year it is possible to collect two-rub crops.
Plant nilots large horned livestock - zebu, it idolize. Kill zebu in very rare cases.
The greater role in a life nilots is played also with fishery. Rather widespread fish in the rivers nilotic pool is nilotic perch reaching greater sizes. There was a case when have caught in lake Noe the perch in weight of 126 kg. Tiger the fish in the sizes is less nilotic than the perch and very much bony. Good flavouring qualities the African carp differs.
Fish here catch various networks, and also jails, hooks, baskets. It is greater help in a feed nilots.
In heads rivers the Bahr-el-Gazali the place of the Mesh-ra-er-Rec is located, it was visited by researchers of Southern Sudan, among them were V. Junker.
The Mesh-ra-er-Rec - a terminal point of a steamship line which connects it to Khartum. River vessels on this line go all year.

On the western borders of Republic Chad one nominal lake - one of the most interesting reservoirs of Africa is located.
The lake Chad is shallow and differs surprising inconstancy of a water level and outlines of coast that is connected with fluctuations of quantity of dropping out deposits and the charge of water in the rivers feeding lake.
The area of lake annually varies from 12 up to 26 thousand км2. Depth also varies from 4 before 11 m.
The lake Chad laying at height of 280 m, has slightly saltish water, and close mouthes the rivers - fresh. In lake constantly there is a change of water owing to the big underground outflow feeding subsoil waters of adjoining areas.
The western and southern coast of Chad low, boggy also are covered by dense grassy vegetation, northern and east - the most picturesque - are cut strongly up. In this part of lake especially many the sandy islands formed drowned dunes. Marshiness complicates approaches to lake. Places the cover of interwining reeds and other marsh plants happens is so dense, that maintains weight of the person. The local population moves on lake in pies by means of long poles.
The river Shari with inflow of Logone bears the waters in lake Chad. Fluctuations of charges of water in the river are rather significant. At N’Djamena, near a confluence of Logone, Shari in the beginning of June has width of 84 m, at flood in November its width reaches 600 m.
Shari by the right is considered one of the most fish rivers on the ground. The largest fish named by the captain, can reach two-meter length and 80 kg of weight, besides it is very gentle on taste.
Area of headwaters of Shari - the most fertile and salted in the country. Population density here reaches 15 person on 1 км2 (at average density in Republic Chad 3 persons on 1 км2).
The republic Chad shares on two parts: northern and southern. In the south there live the Negro tribes speaking on set of languages and adverbs. One of them profess christianity, others are true to local traditional cults. The population of the south is engaged in agriculture. Fertile soils allow to grow up here alongside with food the valuable commercial crops going on export.
Northern part of Chad is basically deserts and semideserts. There there is no fertile ground. The population long since is engaged in nomadic cattle breeding.
Tormented by the long-term civil war imposed by intervention of France, people of Chad requires the world and calmness.