On the western borders of Republic Chad one nominal lake - one of the most interesting reservoirs of Africa is located.
The lake Chad is shallow and differs surprising inconstancy of a water level and outlines of coast that is connected with fluctuations of quantity of dropping out deposits and the charge of water in the rivers feeding lake.
The area of lake annually varies from 12 up to 26 thousand км2. Depth also varies from 4 before 11 m.
The lake Chad laying at height of 280 m, has slightly saltish water, and close mouthes the rivers - fresh. In lake constantly there is a change of water owing to the big underground outflow feeding subsoil waters of adjoining areas.
The western and southern coast of Chad low, boggy also are covered by dense grassy vegetation, northern and east - the most picturesque - are cut strongly up. In this part of lake especially many the sandy islands formed drowned dunes. Marshiness complicates approaches to lake. Places the cover of interwining reeds and other marsh plants happens is so dense, that maintains weight of the person. The local population moves on lake in pies by means of long poles.
The river Shari with inflow of Logone bears the waters in lake Chad. Fluctuations of charges of water in the river are rather significant. At N’Djamena, near a confluence of Logone, Shari in the beginning of June has width of 84 m, at flood in November its width reaches 600 m.
Shari by the right is considered one of the most fish rivers on the ground. The largest fish named by the captain, can reach two-meter length and 80 kg of weight, besides it is very gentle on taste.
Area of headwaters of Shari - the most fertile and salted in the country. Population density here reaches 15 person on 1 км2 (at average density in Republic Chad 3 persons on 1 км2).
The republic Chad shares on two parts: northern and southern. In the south there live the Negro tribes speaking on set of languages and adverbs. One of them profess christianity, others are true to local traditional cults. The population of the south is engaged in agriculture. Fertile soils allow to grow up here alongside with food the valuable commercial crops going on export.
Northern part of Chad is basically deserts and semideserts. There there is no fertile ground. The population long since is engaged in nomadic cattle breeding.
Tormented by the long-term civil war imposed by intervention of France, people of Chad requires the world and calmness.